Causes of Food Poisoning
According to health professionals, food poisoning has three primary causes: parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
Parasites
Parasites are one of the leading causes of food poisoning. Although they cause the same symptoms as bacteria, they spread more rapidly than bacteria and are much more dangerous. Toxoplasma is one of the common parasites that cause food poisoning. The parasite is mostly found in undercooked meat and cat feces.
The parasite can be more dangerous for pregnant women and cause congenital disabilities in a fetus if the mother is infected. Typically, these parasites live in the digestive tract and can remain undetected for a long time. If a patient's immune system is weak and they experience food poisoning symptoms frequently, Toxoplasma can be a cause.
Bacteria
Bacteria are included in the most prevalent causes of food-borne diseases. Common bacteria that cause food poisoning include Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Listeria, and E. Coli. Bacillus cereus is an essential bacteria in the industrialized world that produces different enterotoxins. The bacterium is generally found in heat and electrically-cooked food.
Most bacteria are competitive microorganisms and grow well in -48 °C after cooling and cooking. The CDC reports approximately 20,000 hospitalizations due to food poisoning annually. Besides the listed common bacteria, C. botulinum and Campylobacter are two potentially dangerous bacteria that easily find their way into undercooked and raw food.
Viruses
Viruses are another common cause of food poisoning. Norwalk virus, also known as Norovirus, is an infectious virus that causes severe vomiting and diarrhea. It infects more than 19 million people every year and easily spreads, especially through shared food and water. Rotavirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus are other viruses that cause similar symptoms but are comparatively less common.
Hepatitis A virus is acquired through contaminated food and can cause severe symptoms. Hepatitis B and C result from untreated minor viruses or stronger acting viral agents in contaminated foods and drinks but require immediate medical attention. It is difficult to self-assess whether an illness is a virus and which type; therefore, it is crucial to receive an examination from a professional doctor.